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Picture 1
LOCAL CAUSES i NATURAL STATES : -Embryogenesis -Immunogenesis -Homeostasis maintainance in dividing cell population of adult organism -Pregnancy (placenta, endometrium) -Aging ii PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES: -Tumor growth -Immune pathology -Imflammation -Infection -Degenerative (including neirodegenerative) diseases -Functional defects -Atrophias -Angiogenesis iii EXPERIMENTAL INFLUENCES: -Hormones -Radiation -Temperature -Effector cells -Antibodies to some receptors -Inhibitirs of macromolecular synthesis -Ligating of organ ducts -Compensatory regeneration -Growth factors -Growth factors deprivation -Posthaemorhagic anaemia -Transplantation -Hypoxia -e.t.c. i …………......…..... ii ……..........……… iii G E N E R A L C O N D I T I O N S -Localization in active proliferative zones -Preceeding of intracellular regeneration abrupt -Activation of ced-3 gene family with expression of DNA-fragmenting enzyme -Time of occurance : a) in frames of DNA synthesis (compensatory phase by Selye) b) while cell culture is switching from logarythmic growing phase to stable one c) in experiment after latent phase of influence d) in certain period of cell cycle (G2/M) -Circade rythm of occurance -Sublethal dose of affecting factor -Mitotic block …………………………..I……………………………. A P O P T O S I S Picture 2 Apoptosis and Mitosis: Generality and Difference. Apoptotis phases* I ------------------------------------------------------ -CD3 -CD77 -TNF -TGF -Apo-1 (FAS,CD95) -TCR -NK-cell mediated toxicity II ------------------------------------------------------- -Phosphatidylinosit System Activation (Protein Kinase C, Phosphorylation, Ca2+) -Transglutaminase Activation -Gene Activation : ced-9, bcl-2, c-fos, c-myc -DNA-, RNA-, protein synthesis -RNA-polymerase II Activation -Nuclease sensitive conformation of chromatine -Poly(ADP-rybosyl)ation -Intracellular regeneration -Euchromatinization III ----------------------------------------------------------------- -Gene Activation: p53, ced-3, ced-4, caspase-9, apaf-1 -Caspase expression with intranuclear transporting -Activation of DNA long tandem repeats -Fractionating of transcriptionally active ribosomal genes -Regular intranucleosomic fractionating of DNA -Aberrant multipole mitotic spindle -Margination of condensed chromatine close to karyolemma -Membrane included apoptotic bodies .............................................................................. Apoptosis phases: I-reception, II-activation, III-desitegration Mitosis phases: I-reception, II-activation Signal reception (I) and transduction (II, III) in apoptosis and mitosis initiation (I,II) and in apoptosis realization (III) |
